As a result of this thread, I have developed a glossary plugin for Micro.blog! Thanks to @JohnPhilpin for his review and testing. The plugin is available in the Plugins directory, and more info on using the plugin is at the Github repo. Enjoy, and let me know if there are any questions!
In addition, the shortcode and data file within the repo can be used for standalone Hugo sites, so Hugo users should take a look as well. Credits go to Brian Wisti at Random Geekery for basically developing the entire concept!